Artificial Intelligence

Citation style guides have started to address the usage of large language models and AI such as chatGPT in writing and research. In general, you must declare when and how you use the technology in your writing, but there isn't yet consensus on how to do so.

It is important to remember that content generated by AI tools:

• was trained on data which might have been copyrighted, without the permission of the copyright holder
• is usually nonrecoverable, so it cannot be retrieved later or linked in your citation.

The following are some current recommendations, although they will continue to evolve.

APA

Currently, APA recommends that text generated from AI be formatted as "Personal Communication." As such, it receives an in-text citation but not an entry on the References list.

Rule: (Communicator, personal communication, Month Date, Year)

Examples: 

(OpenAI, personal communication, January 16, 2023).

When asked to explain psychology's main schools of thought, OpenAI's ChatGPT's response included ... (personal communication, February 22, 2023).

Resources:

APA Blog entry "How to cite ChatGPT", Timothy McAdoo 2023